Jason W. Barnes

Assistant Professor of Physics at The University of Idaho

Ph.D. in Planetary Science, 2004 University of Arizona
B.S. in Astronomy, 1998 California Institute of Technology
Postdoc at NASA Ames Research Center

Research:

    My research involves both observational and theoretical studies of planetary geology and planetary physics. I have investigated the surface geomorphology and spectral characteristics of the surface of Saturn's moon Titan using infrared spectral mapping. The rotating movie seen at upper right is one that I created using data from Cassini's T8 and T9 flybys of Titan mapping the 5-micron atmospheric window to red, the 2-micron window to green, and the 1.3-micron window to blue. I also studied the prospects for characterizing transiting extrasolar giant planets' oblateness, rings, and moons. Below Titan in the upper right is the visualization of a hypothetical transiting ringed extrasolar planet.


Mission Involvement:

Publications: ADSABS, all peer-reviewed ADSABS, first-author peer-reviewed -- Google Scholar -- ResearcherID B-1284-2009

  1. Graham Vixie; Jason W. Barnes; Jacob Bow; Stephane Le Mouelic; Sebastien Rodriguez; Robert H. Brown; Priscilla Cerroni; Federico Tosi; Bonnie Buratti; Christophe Sotin; Gianrico Filaccione; Fabrizio Capaccioni; Angioleeti Coradini, " Mapping Titan's Surface Features within the Visible Spectrum via Cassini VIMS ", Planetary and Space Science, Volume 60, Issue 1, pp 52-61, 2012 January.

  2. Mirjam H. Langhans; Ralf Jaumann; Katrin Stephan; Robert H. Brown; Bonnie J. Buratti; Roger N. Clark; Kevin H. Baines; Philip D. Nicholson; Ralph D. Lorenz; Laurence A. Soderblom; Jason M. Soderblom; Christophe Sotin; Jason W. Barnes; Robert Nelson, " Titan's Fluvial valleys: Morphology, Distribution, and Spectral Properties ", Planetary and Space Science, Volume 60, Issue 1, pp 18-25, 2012 January.

  3. Bonnie J. Buratti; Christophe Sotin; Robert H. Brown; Stephane Le Mouelic; Jason M. Soderblom; Jason W. Barnes; Roger N. Clark; Kevin H. Baines; Philip D. Nicholson; , " A newly discovered impact crater in Titan's Senkyo: Cassini VIMS observations and comparison with other impact features", Planetary and Space Science, Volume 60, Issue 1, pp 18-25, 2012 January.

  4. Stephane Le Mouelic; Pascal Rannou; Sebastien Rodriguez; Christophe Sotin; Caitlin A. Griffith; Lucille Le Corre; Jason W. Barnes; Robert H. Brown; Kevin H. Baines; Bonnie J. Buratti; Roger N. Clark; Philip D. Nicholson; Gabriel Tobie;, "Dissipation of Titan's north polar cloud at northern spring equinox", Planetary and Space Science, Volume 60, Issue 1, pp 86-92, 2012 January.

  5. Jack J. Lissauer; Jason W. Barnes; John E. Chambers, "Obliquity Variations of a Moonless Earth", Icarus, Volume 217, pp 77-87, 2012 January.

  6. Ralph D. Lorenz; Brian K. Jackson; Jason W. Barnes; Joseph N. Spitale; Jani Radebaugh; Kevin H. Baines, "Meteorological Conditions at Racetrack Playa, Death Valley National Park: Implications for Rock Production and Transport", Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Volume 50, pp 2361-2375, 2011 December.

  7. Jason W. Barnes; Ethan Linscott; Avi Shporer, "Measurement of the Spin-Orbit Misalignment of KOI-13.01 from its Gravity-Darkened Kepler Transit Lightcurve", The Astrophysical Journal Supplement, Volume 197 paper 10, 2011 November.

  8. Jason W. Barnes; Jacob Bow; Jacob Schwartz; Robert H. Brown; Jason M. Soderblom; Alexander G. Hayes; Graham Vixie; Stéphane Le Mouélic; Sebastien Rodriguez; Christophe Sotin; Ralf Jaumann; Katrin Stephan; Laurence A. Soderblom; Roger N. Clark; Bonnie J. Buratti; Kevin H. Baines; Philip D. Nicholson, "Organic Sedimentary Deposits in Titan's Dry Lakebeds: Probable Evaporite ", Icarus 216, pp136-140, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.08.022, 2011 November.

  9. Rodriguez, Sebastien; Le Mouelic, Stephane; Rannou, Pascal; Sotin, Christophe; Barnes, Jason W.; Griffith, Caitlin A.; Burgalat, J.; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Clark, Roger N.; Nicholson, Philip D., "Titan's Cloud Seasonal Activity from Winter to Spring with Cassini/VIMS", Icarus 216, pp89-110, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.07.031, 2011 November.

  10. Robert H. Brown; Jason W. Barnes; H. Jay Melosh, "On Titan's Xanadu Region", Icarus 214, pp556-560, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.03.018, 2011 August.

  11. Turtle, E. P.; Perry, J. E.; Hayes, A. G.; Lorenz, R. D.; Barnes, J. W.; McEwen, A. S.; West, R. A.; Del Genio, A. D.; Barbara, J. M.; Lunine, J. I.; Schaller, E. L.; Ray, T. L.; Lopes, R. M. C.; Stofan, E. R., "Rapid and Extensive Surface Changes Near Titan's Equator: Evidence of April Showers", Science 331 pp1414-1417, doi:10.1126/science.1201063, 2011 March 17.

  12. Barnes, Jason W.; Soderblom, Jason M.; Brown, Robert H.; Soderblom, Laurence A.; Stefan, Katrin; Jaumann, Ralf; Le Mou\'elic, St\'ephane; Rodriguez, Sebastien; Sotin, Christophe; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Baines, Kevin H.; Clark, Roger N.; Nicholson, Phillip D., "Wave Constraints for Titan's Jingpo Lacus and Kraken Mare from VIMS Specular Reflection Lightcurves", Icarus 211, pp722-731, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.022, 2011 January.

  13. Ralph D. Lorenz; Brian K. Jackson; Jason W. Barnes; Joe Spitale; John M. Keller, "Ice Rafts not Sails: Floating the Rocks at Racetrack Playa", American Journal of Physics, 2011 January.

  14. Clark, Roger N.; Curchin, John M.; Barnes, Jason W.; Jaumann, Ralf; Soderblom, Larry; Cruikshank, Dale P.; Brown, Robert H.; Rodriguez, Sebastien; Lunine, Jonathan; Stephan, Katrin; Hoefen, Todd M.; Le Mouelic, Stephane; Sotin, Christophe; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Nicholson, Philip D., "Detection and Mapping of Hydrocarbon Deposits on Titan", doi:10.1029/2009JE003369, Journal of Geophysical Research -- Planets, 2010 October 13.

  15. Soderblom, Jason M.; Brown, Robert H.; Soderblom, Laurence A.; Barnes, Jason W.; Jaumann, Ralf; Le Mouelic, Stephane; Sotin, Christophe; Stephane, Katrin; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Clark, Roger N.; Nicholson, Philip D., "Geology of the Selk crater region on Titan from Cassini VIMS observations", doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.03.001, Icarus, 2010 August 1.

  16. Adamkovics, Mate; Barnes, Jason W.; Hartung, Matthew; de Pater, Imke, "Observations of a stationary mid-latitude cloud system on Titan", doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.03.006, 2010 August 1..

  17. Tosi, Federico; Orosci, R.; Filacchione, G; Coradini, A.; Lunine, J. I.; Gavrishin, A. I.; Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.; ADriani, A.; Moriconi, M. L.; Negrao, A.; Flamini, E.; Brown, R. H.; Wye, L.C.; Janssen, M.; West, R. D.; Barnes, Jason W.; Wall, S. D.; Clark, R. N.; Cruikshank, D. P.; McCord, T. B.; Nicholson, P. D.; Soderblom, J. M., "Correlations between VIMS and RADAR data over the surface of Titan: Implications for Titan's surface properties", doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.02.003, Icarus, 2010 July 1.

  18. Stephan, Katrin; Jaumann, Ralf; Brown, Robert H.; Soderblom, Jason M.; Soderblom, Laurence A.; Barnes, Jason W.; Sotin, Christophe; Griffith, Caitlin A.; Kirk, Randolph L.; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Clark, Roger N.; Lytle, Dyer M.; Nelson, Robert M.; Nichoslon, Phillip D., "Specular Reflection on Titan: Liquids in Kraken Mare", doi:10.1029/2009GL042312, Geophysical Research Letters, 2010 April 7.

  19. William J. Borucki; David Koch; Gibor Basri; Natalie Batalha; Timothy Brown; Douglas Caldwell; John Caldwell; Jørgen Christensen-Dalsgaard; William D. Cochran; Edna DeVore; Edward W. Dunham; Andrea K. Dupree; Thomas N. Gautier, III; John C. Geary; Ronald Gilliland; Alan Gould; Steve B. Howell; Jon M. Jenkins; Yoji Kondo; David W. Latham; Geoffrey W. Marcy; Søren Meibom; Hans Kjeldsen; Jack J. Lissauer; David G. Monet; David Morrison; Dimitar Sasselov; Jill Tarter; Alan Boss; Don Brownlee; Toby Owen; Derek Buzasi; David Charbonneau; Laurance Doyle; Jonathan Fortney; Eric B. Ford; Matthew J. Holman; Sara Seager; Jason H. Steffen; William F. Welsh; Jason Rowe; Howard Anderson; Lars Buchhave; David Ciardi; Lucianne Walkowicz; William Sherry; Elliott Horch; Howard Isaacson; Mark E. Everett; Debra Fischer; Guillermo Torres; John Asher Johnson; Michael Endl; Phillip MacQueen; Stephen T. Bryson; Jessie Dotson; Michael Haas; Jeffrey Kolodziejczak; Jeffrey Van Cleve; Hema Chandrasekaran; Joseph D. Twicken; Elisa V. Quintana; Bruce D. Clarke; Christopher Allen; Jie Li; Haley Wu; Peter Tenenbaum; Ekaterina Verner; Frederick Bruhweiler; Jason Barnes; Andrej Prsa; "Kepler Planet-Detection Mission: Introdution and First Results" DOI:10.1126/science.1185402, Science, Vol. 327. no. 5968, pp. 977 - 980, 2010 February 19

  20. Ralph D. Lorenz; Brian Jackson; Jason W. Barnes, "Inexpensive Time-Lapse Digital Cameras for Studying Transient Meteorological Phenomena: Dust Devils and Playa Flooding", doi:10.1175/2009JTECHA1312.1 Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 27 pp 246-256, 2010 January.

  21. Barnes, Jason W.; Soderblom, Jason M.; Brown, Robert H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Sotin, Christophe; Baines, Kevin H.; Clark, Roger N.; Jaumann, Ralf; McCord, Thomas B.; Nelson, Robert; Le Mouélic, Stéphane; Rodriguez, Sebastien; Griffith, Caitlin; Penteado, Paulo; Tosi, Federico; Pitman, Karly M.; Soderblom, Laurence; Stephan, Katrin; Hayne, Paul; Vixie, Graham; Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Bellucci, Giancarlo; Capaccioni, Fabrizio; Cerroni, Priscilla; Coradini, Angioletta; Cruikshank, Dale P.; Drossart, Pierre; Formisano, Vittorio; Langevin, Yves; Matson, Dennis L.; Nicholson, Phillip D.; Sicardy, Bruno, "VIMS spectral mapping observations of Titan during the Cassini prime mission", doi:10.1016/j.pss.2009.04.013 Planetary and Space Science, Volume 57 pp 1950-1962, 2009 December.

  22. Laurence A. Soderblom; Robert H. Brown; Jason M. Soderblom; Jason W. Barnes; Randolph L. Kirk; Christophe Sotin; Ralf Jaumann; David J. MacKinnon; Daniel W. Mackowski; Kevin H. Baines; Bonnie J. Buratti; Roger N. Clark; Philip D. Nicholson, " The Geology of Hotei Regio, Titan: Correlation of Cassini VIMS and RADAR", doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.033 Icarus, Volume 204 pp610-618, 2009 December.

  23. Jason W. Barnes; Curtis S. Cooper; Adam P. Showman; William B. Hubbard, " Detecting the Wind-Driven Shapes of Extrasolar Giant Planets from Transit Photometry", doi:10.1088/0004-637X/706/1/877 ApJ, Volume 706 pp877-884, 2009 November 20.

  24. Mate Adamkovics; Imke de Pater; Matthieu Hartung; Jason W. Barnes, " Evidence for Condensed-Phase Methane Enhancement over Xanadu on Titan", doi:10.1016/j.pss.2009.07.001 PSS, Volume 57 pp1586-1595, 2009 November.

  25. Jason W. Barnes;" Transit Lightcurves of Extrasolar Planets Orbiting Rapidly Rotating Stars", doi:10.1088/0004-637X/705/1/683 ApJ, Volume 705 pp683-692, 2009 November 1.

  26. Sebastien Rodriguez; Stephane Le Mouelic; Pascal Rannou; Gabriel Tobie; Kevin H. Baines; Jason W. Barnes; Caitlin A. Griffith; Mathieu Hirtzig; Karly M. Pitman; Christophe Sotin; Robert H. Brown; Bonnie J. Buratti; Roger N. Clark; Phillip D. Nicholson;" Global Circulation As the Main Source of Cloud Activity on Titan", doi:10.1038/nature08014 Nature, Volume 459, pp678-682, 2009 June 4.

  27. L. LeCorre; S. Le Mouelic; C. Sotin; J.-P. Combe; S. Rodriguez; J.W. Barnes; R.H. Brown; B.J. Buratti; R. Jaumann; J. Soderblom; L.A. Soderblom; R. Clark; K.H. Baines; P.D. Nicholson;" Analysis of a Cryolava Flow-Like Feature on Titan", doi:10.1016/j.pss.2009.03.005 Planetary and Space Science, Volume 57, pp870-879, 2009 June.

  28. Jason W. Barnes; Robert H. Brown; Jason M. Soderblom; Larry A. Soderblom; Ralf Jaumann; Brian Jackson; Stephane le Mouelic; Christophe Sotin; Bonnie J. Buratti; Karly M. Pitman; Kevin H. Baines; Roger N. Clark; Phillip D. Nicholson;" Shoreline Features of Titan's Ontario Lacus from Cassini/VIMS Observations", doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.028 Icarus, Volume 201, pp217-225, 2009 May.

  29. Ralf Jaumann; Robert H. Brown; Katrin Stephan; Jason W. Barnes; Larry A. Soderblom; Christophe Sotin; Stephane le Mouelic; Roger N. Clark; Jason Soderblom; Bonnie J. Buratti; Roland Wagner; Thomas B. McCord; Sebastien Rodriguez; Kevin H. Baines; Dale P. Cruikshank; Phillip D. Nicholson; Caitlin A. Griffith; Mirjam Langhans; Ralph D. Lorenz, " Fluvial Erosion and Post-Erosional Processes on Titan", doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.002 Icarus, Volume 197, pp526-538, 2008 October.

  30. Brown, Robert H.; Soderblom, Laurence A.; Soderblom, Jason M.; Clark, Roger N.; Jaumann, Ralf; Barnes, Jason W.; Sotin, Christophe; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Baines, Kevin H.; Nicholson, Phillip D., "The Identification of Liquid Ethane in Titan's Ontario Lacus", doi:10.1038/nature07100 Nature, Volume 454, pp607-610, 2008 July 31.

  31. Barnes, Jason W.; Brown, Robert H.; Soderblom, Laurence; Sotin, Christophe; Le Mouelic, Stephane; Rodriguez, Sebastien; Jaumann, Ralf; Beyer, Ross; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Pitman, Karly; Baines, Kevin H.; Clark, Roger; Nicholson, Phillip D., " Spectroscopy, Morphometry, and Photoclinometry of Titan's Dunefields from Cassini/VIMS", doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.006 Icarus, Volume 195, pp400-414, 2008 May.

  32. McCord, Thomas B.; Hayne, Paul; Combe, Jean-Philippe; Hansen, Gary B.;Barnes, Jason W.; Rodrigiez, Sebastien; LeMouelic, Stephane; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Sotin, Christophe; Nicholson, Philip; Jaumann, Ralf; Nelson, Robert; and the Cassini VIMS team " Titan's Surface: Search for Spectral Diversity and Composition Using the Cassini VIMS Investigation", Icarus, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.039 Volume 194, pp212-242, 2008 February.

  33. Le Mouelic, Stephane; Paillou, Philippe; Janssen, Michael A.; Barnes, Jason W.; Rodriguez, Sebastien; Sotin, Christophe; Brown, Robert H.; Baines, Kevin H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Clark, Roger N.; Crapeau, Marc; Encrenaz, Pierre J.; Jaumann, Ralf; Geudtner, Dirk; Paganelli, Flora; Soderblom, Laurence; Tobie, Gabriel; Wall, Steve, "Mapping and Interpretation of Sinlap Crater on Titan using Cassini VIMS and RADAR Data, Journal of Geophysical Research -- Planets, doi:10.1029/2007JE002965 2008 January.

  34. Barnes, Jason W.; Radebaugh, Jani; Brown, Robert H.; Wall, Steve; Soderblom, Laurence; Lunine, Jonathan; Burr, Devon; Sotin, Christophe; Le Mouelic, Stephane; Rodriguez, Sebastien; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Clark, Roger; Baines, Kevin H.; Jaumann, Ralf; Nicholson, Phillip D.; Kirk, Randolph L.; Lopes, Rosaly; Lorenz, Ralph D.; Mitchell, Karl; Wood, Charles A., " Near-Infrared Spectral Mapping of Titan's Mountains and Channels", Journal of Geophysical Research -- Planets, Volume 112, doi:10.1029/2007JE002932. 2007 November.

  35. Soderblom, Laurence; Kirk, Randolph L.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Anderson, Jeffrey A.; Baines, Kevin H.; Barnes, Jason W.; Barrett, Janet M.; Brown, Robert H.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Clark, Roger N; Cruikshank, Dale P.; Elachi, Charles; Janssen, Michael A.; Jaumann, Ralf; Karkoschka, Erich; Le Mouelic, Stephane; Lopes, Rosaly M.; Lorenz, Ralph D.; McCord, Thomas B.; Nicholson, Philip D.; Radebaugh, Jani; Rizk, Bashar; Sotin, Christophe; Stofan, Ellen R.; Sucharscki, Tracie L.; Tomasko, Martin G.; Wall, Stephen D. " Correlations Between Cassini VIMS Spectra and RADAR SAR Images: Implications for Titan's Surface Composition and the Character of the Huygens Probe Landing Site ", Planetary and Space Science, Volume 55, pp 2025-2036. 2007 October.

  36. Barnes, Jason W. " Effects of Orbital Eccentricity on Extrasolar Planet Transit Detectability and Lightcurves", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Volume 119, pp 986-993. 2007 September.

  37. Fortney, Jonathan J.; Marley, Mark S.; Barnes, Jason W. " Planetary Radii Across Five Orders of Magnitude in Mass and Stellar Insolation: Application to Transits", The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 659, pp 1661-1672. 2007 April 20.

  38. Barnes, Jason W.; Brown, Robert H.; Soderblom, Laurence; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Sotin, Christophe; Rodriguez, Sebastien; Le Mouelic, Stephane; Baines, Kevin H.; Clark, Roger; Nicholson, Phil, " Global-scale surface spectral variations on Titan seen from Cassini/VIMS", Icarus, Volume 186, pp 242-258. 2007 January.

  39. Barnes, Jason W.; Brown, Robert H.; Radebaugh, Jani; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Sotin, Christophe; Le Mouelic, Stephane; Rodriguez, Sebastien; Turtle, Elizabeth P.; Perry, Jason; Clark, Roger; Baines, Kevin H.; Nicholson, Phillip D. " Cassini observations of flow-like features in western Tui Regio, Titan", Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 33, Issue 16, CiteID L16204. 2006 August 30.

  40. Brown, Robert H.; Clark, Roger N.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Cruikshank, Dale P.; Barnes, Jason W.; Mastrapa, Rachel M. E.; Bauer, J.; Newman, S.; Momary, T.; Baines, K. H.; Bellucci, G.; Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.; Combes, M.; Coradini, A.; Drossart, P.; Formisano, V.; Jaumann, R.; Langevin, Y.; Matson, D. L.; McCord, T. B.; Nelson, R. M.; Nicholson, P. D.; Sicardy, B.; Sotin, C. " Composition and Physical Properties of Enceladus' Surface", Science, Volume 311, Issue 5766, pp. 1425-1428. 2006 March 10.

  41. Griffith, C. A.; Penteado, P.; Baines, K.; Drossart, P.; Barnes, J.; Bellucci, G.; Bibring, J.; Brown, R.; Buratti, B.; Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.; Clark, R.; Combes, M.; Coradini, A.; Cruikshank, D.; Formisano, V.; Jaumann, R.; Langevin, Y.; Matson, D.; McCord, T.; Mennella, V.; Nelson, R.; Nicholson, P.; Sicardy, B.; Sotin, C.; Soderblom, L. A.; and Kursinski, R. "The Evolution of Titan's Mid-Latitude Clouds",Science, Volume 310, Issue 5747, pp. 474-477 | 2005 October 21.

  42. Barnes, Jason W.; Brown, Robert H.; Turtle, Elizabeth P.; McEwen, Alfred S.; Lorenz, Ralph D.; Janssen, Michael; Schaller, Emily L.; Brown, Michael E.; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Sotin, Christophe; Griffith, Caitlin; Clark, Roger; Perry, Jason; Fussner, Stephanie; Barbara, John; West, Richard; Elachi, Charles; Bouchez, Antonin H.; Roe, Henry G.; Baines, Kevin H.; Bellucci, Giancarlo; Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Capaccioni, Fabrizio; Cerroni, Priscilla; Combes, Michel; Coradini, Angioletta; Cruikshank, Dale P.; Drossart, Pierre; Formisano, Vittorio; Jaumann, Ralf; Langevin, Yves; Matson, Dennis L.; McCord, Thomas B.; Nicholson, Phillip D.; and Sicardy, Bruno. "A 5-Micron-Bright Spot on Titan: Evidence for Surface Diversity", Science, Volume 310, Issue 5745, pp. 92-95. 2005 October 7.

  43. Barnes, Jason W. and Fortney, Jonathan J. "Transit Detectability of Ring Systems Around Extrasolar Giant Planets", The Astrophysical Journal Volume 616 pp. 1193-1203. 2004 December 1.

  44. Barnes, Jason W. and Fortney, Jonathan J. "Measuring the Oblateness and Rotation of Transiting Extrasolar Giant Planets", The Astrophysical Journal Volume 588 pp. 545-556. 2003 May 1.

  45. Barnes, Jason W. and O'Brien, D. P. "Stability of Satellites around Close-in Extrasolar Giant Planets", The Astrophysical Journal Volume 575 pp. 1087-1093. 2002 August 20.

  46. Meadows, Victoria; Crisp, David; Barnes, Jason; Orton, Glenn; Spencer, John. "AAT Observations of the SL9 Fragment C, D, G, K, N, R, V, and W Impacts with Jupiter: Lightcurves and Imaging", Icarus, Volume 152, Issue 2, pp. 366-383. 2001 August.

  47. Trilling, D. E.; Koerner, D. W.; Barnes, J. W.; Ftaclas, C.; Brown, R. H. "Near-Infrared Coronagraphic Imaging of the Circumstellar Disk around TW Hydrae", The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 552, Issue 2, pp. L151-L154. 2001 May 10.

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